Step-by-Step: How to Complete and File Greek Tax Returns for Expats

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Greek Tax System for Expats
2. Determining Your Tax Residency Status
3. Understanding Greek Tax Obligations
4. Gathering Necessary Documents
5. Registering for a Greek Tax Number (AFM)
6. Accessing the Greek Tax Portal (TAXISnet)
7. Completing the Greek Tax Return Form (E1)
8. Reporting Income Sources
9. Claiming Deductions and Credits
10. Filing Your Greek Tax Return
11. Paying Your Greek Taxes
12. Dealing with Double Taxation
13. Seeking Professional Assistance
14. Common Mistakes to Avoid
15. Conclusion

1. Introduction to Greek Tax System for Expats

As an expat living in Greece, navigating the Greek tax system can be a complex and challenging task. Understanding your tax obligations and learning how to complete and file your Greek tax return is crucial to ensure compliance with local laws and avoid potential penalties. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the step-by-step process of filing your Greek tax return as an expat, providing you with valuable insights and practical tips along the way.

Greece, like many countries, has a progressive tax system where higher incomes are taxed at higher rates. As an expat, you may be subject to Greek taxation on your worldwide income, depending on your residency status. It’s essential to familiarize yourself with the Greek tax system and stay up-to-date with any changes in tax laws that may affect your situation.

2. Determining Your Tax Residency Status

The first step in understanding your Greek tax obligations is to determine your tax residency status. In Greece, you are considered a tax resident if:

• You spend more than 183 days in Greece during any calendar year
• Your center of vital interests (personal, economic, or social ties) is in Greece
• You are a Greek national working for the Greek government abroad

If you meet any of these criteria, you are likely to be considered a tax resident of Greece and will be subject to Greek taxation on your worldwide income. Non-residents, on the other hand, are generally only taxed on income sourced from Greece.

3. Understanding Greek Tax Obligations

Once you’ve determined your tax residency status, it’s important to understand your Greek tax obligations. As a tax resident, you’ll need to report your global income on your Greek tax return. This includes:

• Employment income
• Self-employment income
• Rental income
• Investment income (dividends, interest, capital gains)
• Pension income
• Any other sources of income

Non-residents are generally only required to report income earned from Greek sources. It’s crucial to keep accurate records of all your income sources throughout the year to ensure proper reporting on your tax return.

4. Gathering Necessary Documents

Before you begin the process of completing your Greek tax return, gather all the necessary documents to support your income and deduction claims. These may include:

• Salary statements or payslips
• Bank statements
• Investment income statements
• Rental agreements and income records
• Receipts for deductible expenses
• Social security contribution records
• Foreign tax documents (if applicable)

Having these documents organized and readily available will make the tax filing process much smoother and help ensure accuracy in your reporting.

5. Registering for a Greek Tax Number (AFM)

To file a tax return in Greece, you’ll need a Greek tax identification number, known as an AFM (Αριθμός Φορολογικού Μητρώου). If you don’t already have one, you’ll need to apply for an AFM at your local tax office (Eforia). To obtain an AFM, you’ll typically need to provide:

• Your passport or national ID card
• Proof of address in Greece (e.g., utility bill, rental agreement)
• A completed application form (M1/M7 form)

Once you have your AFM, you’ll be able to register for the Greek tax portal and file your tax return online.

6. Accessing the Greek Tax Portal (TAXISnet)

The Greek tax authorities use an online system called TAXISnet for tax filing. To access TAXISnet, follow these steps:

1. Visit the official TAXISnet website (www.gsis.gr)
2. Click on the “Registration” button
3. Enter your AFM and other required personal information
4. Create a username and password
5. Verify your account through the provided verification process

Once registered, you’ll be able to log in to TAXISnet and access the necessary forms for filing your Greek tax return.

7. Completing the Greek Tax Return Form (E1)

The main form for filing your Greek tax return is called the E1 form. This form is divided into several sections, each covering different types of income and deductions. Here’s a general overview of the E1 form structure:

• Personal Information: Your details and those of your spouse (if applicable)
• Income from Employment and Pensions
• Income from Business Activities
• Income from Capital (dividends, interest, royalties, real estate)
• Income from Transfer of Capital (capital gains)
• Alternative Calculation of Minimum Tax
• Deductions and Tax Credits

Take your time to carefully fill out each section, ensuring that all information is accurate and complete.

8. Reporting Income Sources

Employment Income

If you’re employed in Greece, your employer should provide you with an annual salary statement. Use this information to complete the employment income section of the E1 form. Include details such as your gross salary, tax withheld, and social security contributions.

Self-Employment Income

For self-employed individuals, report your business income and expenses in the relevant section. Keep detailed records of all business transactions throughout the year to accurately report your income and claim allowable expenses.

Rental Income

If you own property in Greece and receive rental income, report this in the capital income section. Include details of the property, the rental amount received, and any expenses related to the property.

Investment Income

Report any investment income, such as dividends, interest, or capital gains, in the appropriate sections of the E1 form. Be sure to include income from both Greek and foreign sources if you’re a tax resident.

9. Claiming Deductions and Credits

Greece offers various deductions and tax credits that can help reduce your overall tax liability. Some common deductions and credits include:

• Medical expenses
• Mortgage interest
• Charitable donations
• Social security contributions
• Education expenses
• Tax credits for dependent children

Be sure to keep documentation for all claimed deductions and credits, as the tax authorities may request proof of these expenses.

10. Filing Your Greek Tax Return

Once you’ve completed the E1 form and any necessary supplementary forms, you’re ready to file your Greek tax return. The filing process typically involves the following steps:

1. Log in to your TAXISnet account
2. Select the option to file a new tax return
3. Review and confirm the pre-filled information (if any)
4. Enter or upload your completed E1 form and any additional forms
5. Review your entire tax return for accuracy
6. Submit your tax return electronically

After submission, you’ll receive a confirmation number. Keep this for your records, as it serves as proof of filing.

11. Paying Your Greek Taxes

If you owe taxes, you’ll need to pay them according to the payment schedule provided by the Greek tax authorities. Typically, you can pay your taxes in several installments throughout the year. Payment options include:

• Online payment through TAXISnet
• Bank transfer
• Payment at a local tax office

Be sure to make your payments on time to avoid interest and penalties.

12. Dealing with Double Taxation

As an expat, you may be concerned about being taxed twice on the same income – once in Greece and once in your home country. Many countries have double taxation agreements (DTAs) with Greece to prevent this. Check if your home country has a DTA with Greece and familiarize yourself with its provisions. You may be able to claim foreign tax credits or exemptions to avoid double taxation.

13. Seeking Professional Assistance

Given the complexity of Greek tax laws and the potential language barrier, many expats choose to seek professional assistance when filing their Greek tax returns. A qualified tax advisor or accountant familiar with both Greek tax laws and expat taxation can help ensure that your tax return is accurate and compliant with all relevant regulations.

14. Common Mistakes to Avoid

When filing your Greek tax return as an expat, be aware of these common mistakes:

• Failing to report worldwide income (for tax residents)
• Misunderstanding residency status and tax obligations
• Overlooking potential deductions or credits
• Incorrect currency conversions for foreign income
• Missing filing deadlines
• Failing to keep adequate records and documentation

By being aware of these potential pitfalls, you can take steps to avoid them and ensure a smooth tax filing process.

15. Conclusion

Navigating the Greek tax system as an expat can be challenging, but with careful preparation and attention to detail, you can successfully complete and file your Greek tax return. Remember to determine your tax residency status, gather all necessary documents, register for TAXISnet, and accurately report all your income sources. Don’t hesitate to seek professional help if you’re unsure about any aspect of the process.

By following this step-by-step guide and staying informed about Greek tax laws, you’ll be well-equipped to fulfill your tax obligations in Greece. Keep in mind that tax laws can change, so it’s important to stay up-to-date with the latest regulations and seek professional advice when needed. With proper planning and execution, you can ensure compliance with Greek tax laws and avoid potential penalties or complications in your expat journey.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the tax year in Greece?

The Greek tax year follows the calendar year, running from January 1 to December 31. Tax returns are typically due in the following year, usually around June or July, though exact deadlines can vary.

2. Are there any special tax considerations for digital nomads working in Greece?

Greece has introduced a special tax regime for digital nomads and remote workers. If you qualify, you may be eligible for a 50% tax exemption on your income for the first seven years. However, specific conditions apply, and you should consult with a tax professional to determine your eligibility.

3. How do I report foreign bank accounts on my Greek tax return?

Foreign bank accounts should be reported on a separate form called the E16. You’ll need to provide details of all foreign bank accounts, including account numbers, bank names, and account balances. This information is used for tax compliance and anti-money laundering purposes.

4. What happens if I miss the tax filing deadline in Greece?

If you miss the tax filing deadline, you may be subject to penalties and interest. The exact penalties depend on various factors, including the amount of tax owed and the length of the delay. It’s always best to file on time or request an extension if needed.

5. Can I file my Greek tax return in English?

The official Greek tax return forms and the TAXISnet system are primarily in Greek. While some English guidance may be available, the actual filing process is conducted in Greek. If you’re not comfortable with the Greek language, it’s advisable to seek assistance from a bilingual tax professional or translator to ensure accurate completion of your tax return.

Article reviewed by Aino Koskinen, Business Growth Consultant | Scaling Companies with Data-Driven Strategies, on March 1, 2025